B. Historic foundations of vocational rehabilitation

Summary of Key Points:

Historic Foundations of Vocational Rehabilitation:

1. Thomas Gallaudet (1787–1851):

   • Principal of the first school for the deaf in North America.

   • Contributed to the development of American Sign Language (ASL).

2. Dorothea Dix (1824–1880):

   • Social reformer focused on improving care for the mentally ill.

   • Instrumental in establishing or expanding 32 mental hospitals in North America, Europe, and Japan.

3. Samuel Gridley Howe (1801–1886):

   • Innovated teaching methods for individuals with disabilities.

   • Advanced the process of printing books in Braille.

4. Hawthorne Effect:

   • Initial workplace research in Illinois explored how environmental factors like lighting affected productivity.

   • Findings emphasized the impact of attention and novelty on productivity.

   • Later interpretations suggested productivity increased due to worker awareness of being observed.

Vocational Rehabilitation in Canada:

1. World War I Contributions:

   • Invalid Soldiers’ Commission (Vocational Branch): Focused on disabled veterans.

   • Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment (DSCR): Created in 1918 for postwar reintegration, handling medical treatment, retraining, and employment.

2. Key Organizations:

   • Canadian Association for the Deaf (1940): First national organization for disabled Canadians.

   • Easter Seals (1945): Support for children with disabilities.

   • Canadian Paraplegic Association (1945): Advocacy and support for paraplegics.

   • Canadian Association for Community Living (1948): Focused on inclusion for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

   • March of Dimes (1951): Established initially for polio rehabilitation.

   • Council of Canadians with Disabilities (1976): Advocates for disability rights.

3. Year of Disabled Persons (1980):

   • Released the Obstacles Report, highlighting barriers faced by disabled individuals in Canada.

Quiz:

Part 1: Historic Foundations

1. Who was responsible for the development of American Sign Language?
   a) Samuel Gridley Howe
   b) Thomas Gallaudet
   c) Dorothea Dix
   d) Alexander Graham Bell

2. What did the Hawthorne Effect initially focus on?
   a) Worker productivity improvements due to better lighting.
   b) The development of vocational retraining programs.
   c) Braille printing advancements.
   d) Mental health reform.

Part 2: Vocational Rehabilitation in Canada

3. Which Canadian organization was established to support individuals with intellectual disabilities?
   a) Easter Seals
   b) Canadian Association for Community Living
   c) March of Dimes
   d) Council of Canadians with Disabilities

4. What was the primary goal of the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment (DSCR)?
   a) Providing financial compensation to war veterans.
   b) Medical treatment and vocational reintegration for veterans.
   c) Establishing mental health facilities for veterans.
   d) Developing assistive technology for disabled veterans.

Part 3: Key Contributors

5. Who advanced the teaching of Braille?
   a) Dorothea Dix
   b) Thomas Gallaudet
   c) Samuel Gridley Howe
   d) Alexander Graham Bell

6. Dorothea Dix is known for her reforms in what area?
   a) Deaf education.
   b) Physical rehabilitation.
   c) Care for the mentally ill.
   d) Workplace productivity.

Answer Key:

1. b) Thomas Gallaudet

2. a) Worker productivity improvements due to better lighting.

3. b) Canadian Association for Community Living

4. b) Medical treatment and vocational reintegration for veterans.

5. c) Samuel Gridley Howe

6. c) Care for the mentally ill

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