6.8 Job Placement and Development
- Barry Smith
Summary of Key Topics for Exam Preparation
6.8 Stigma
Stigma is a lack of respect for an individual due to perceived differences.
Job placement/development may unintentionally cause stigma, especially with job coaching.
6.9 Job Seeking Skills
Two skill areas needed for employment:
Soft skills: teamwork, communication, decision-making, etc.
Hard skills: specific job-related abilities (e.g., welding, bookkeeping).
Both are equally important for job success.
6.10 Understanding Client Restrictions/Limitations
Limitation: Reduced ability to perform tasks but still possible (e.g., slower work).
Restriction: Medical prohibition from a task due to risk of harm.
6.11 Understanding Job Demands
Job demands include physical, cognitive, psychological, and environmental factors.
Job Demands Analysis (JDA) evaluates job requirements to compare with worker’s abilities.
The National Occupational Classification (NOC) provides general job demand guidelines.
6.12 Work Conditioning
Intensive treatment to restore physical abilities for return to work.
Provided by Physical or Occupational Therapy, usually 2-4 hours/day, 5 days/week.
6.13 Work Hardening
A multidisciplinary rehabilitation program to reduce re-injury risk and restore job-related functions.
Includes physical therapy, vocational rehabilitation, and psychological services.
6.14 Direct Job Placement
Focuses on job-specific skills (specific employability), general work personality (general employability), and placeability (job-seeking skills).
Involves job-seeking skills training, supported employment, and demand-side placement.
6.15 Supported Employment
Selective placement model for clients with significant disabilities.
Two main models:
Train-Place-Train-Follow-up (TPTF): Training before placement.
Place-Train-Follow-up (PTF): Placement first, then training.
6.16 Sheltered Workshop
Provides employment and skill-building for individuals with disabilities.
Criticized as exploitative, now rare in Canada.
6.17 Enclave Model
Small group of individuals with disabilities work together within a regular worksite.
Dispersed Enclave Model: Workers are spread across different departments.
6.18 Job Coaching Model
Job coaches support individuals at work by assisting with transportation, skills training, interpersonal relationships, and supervision.
6.19 Co-worker Model
Similar to job coaching but a co-worker provides technical job training instead of the VR professional.
6.20 Work Trial
Temporary work experience to evaluate capabilities in a real job setting.
6.21 Job Shadowing
Client observes a worker to explore a career before making decisions.
6.22 Training on the Job (TOJ)
Client learns skills at the worksite instead of formal education.
6.23 Job Bundling
Combining tasks from different jobs to create a new role suitable for a worker.
6.24 Social Enterprise
Organizations that balance social impact with business operations.
Can be for-profit or non-profit, focused on hiring and training individuals with disabilities.
Practice Quiz
What is stigma in the context of vocational rehabilitation?
a) A process of hiring individuals with disabilities
b) The lack of respect due to being perceived as different
c) A training method used in rehabilitation
d) A workplace safety protocol
What are the two main types of job-seeking skills?
a) Hard skills and limitations
b) Cognitive skills and work ethic
c) Soft skills and hard skills
d) Technical skills and medical skills
A work restriction means:
a) The worker must do the job slower
b) A medical prohibition against a task due to immediate risk
c) The worker can still do the task with some difficulty
d) A limit on the number of work hours per week
What is the purpose of a Job Demands Analysis (JDA)?
a) To diagnose a client’s medical condition
b) To determine if a client is eligible for employment insurance
c) To compare job requirements with a worker’s abilities
d) To create a new job position for an employer
What is the key difference between work conditioning and work hardening?
a) Work conditioning is multidisciplinary; work hardening is not
b) Work conditioning is performed by one discipline, while work hardening is multidisciplinary
c) Work conditioning is for psychological rehabilitation, while work hardening is only physical
d) There is no difference; they are the same program
What does supported employment emphasize?
a) Job readiness before placement
b) Training and long-term job support
c) Sheltered workshop environments
d) Independent job search without assistance
Which approach places clients in a work setting before training?
a) Train-Place-Train-Follow-up (TPTF)
b) Place-Train-Follow-up (PTF)
c) Job Shadowing
d) Work Conditioning
What is the main criticism of sheltered workshops?
a) They are not effective for skill-building
b) They require too much funding
c) They are seen as exploitative environments
d) They only provide training for a few specific jobs
In the co-worker model, who provides job training?
a) The vocational rehabilitation professional
b) A co-worker with expertise in the job
c) A job coach
d) The client’s family
10. What is the goal of job bundling?
a) To match workers with available single-job openings
b) To create a new job by combining tasks from multiple jobs
c) To replace an injured worker with a temporary employee
d) To provide training for highly specialized jobs
Answer Key
b - The lack of respect due to being perceived as different
c - Soft skills and hard skills
b - A medical prohibition against a task due to immediate risk
c - To compare job requirements with a worker’s abilities
b - Work conditioning is performed by one discipline, while work hardening is multidisciplinary
b - Training and long-term job support
b - Place-Train-Follow-up (PTF)
c - They are seen as exploitative environments
b - A co-worker with expertise in the job
b - To create a new job by combining tasks from multiple jobs